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hpe20230630c_10q.htm

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number: 001-3946

HighPeak Energy, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its

charter)

Delaware	84-3533602
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

421 W. 3rd St., Suite 1000	76102
Fort Worth, Texas	(Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

(817) 850-9200

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Not applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol

Name of each exchange on which

registered

Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share

HPK

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Warrants to purchase Common Stock

HPKEW

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 3, 2023, there were 128,220,923 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, issued and outstanding.

Table of Contents

HIGHPEAK ENERGY, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
Definitions of Certain Terms and Conventions Used Herein		1
Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements		4
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	38
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	39
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	39
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	39
Item 5.	Other Information	41
Item 6.	Exhibits	42
Signatures		43

Table of Contents

HIGHPEAK ENERGY, INC.

Definitions of Certain Terms and Conventions Used Herein

Within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”), the following terms and conventions have specific meanings:

	•	*“10.000% Senior Notes*” means the $225.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 10.000% Senior Notes due 2024, which were issued pursuant to an indenture in February 2022.
	•	*“10.625% Senior Notes*” means the $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 10.625% Senior Notes due 2024, $225.0 million of which were issued pursuant to an indenture in November 2022 and $25.0 million of which were issued pursuant to an indenture in December 2022.
	•	*“3-D seismic*” means three-dimensional seismic data which is geophysical data that depicts the subsurface strata in three dimensions. 3-D seismic data typically provides a more detailed and accurate interpretation of the subsurface strata than two-dimensional data.
	•	*“Alamo Acquisitions*” means the acquisitions of certain crude oil and natural gas properties in Borden County, Texas, collectively, from (i) Alamo Borden County II, LLC (“Alamo II”), Alamo Borden County III, LLC (“Alamo III”) and Alamo Borden County IV, LLC (“Alamo IV”) pursuant to that certain Purchase and Sale Agreement dated February 15, 2022 by and among HighPeak Energy, HighPeak Energy Assets, LLC (together with HighPeak Energy, the “HighPeak Parties”), Alamo II, Alamo III, and Alamo IV and (ii) Alamo Borden County 1, LLC (“Alamo I”) pursuant to that certain Purchase and Sale Agreement dated June 3, 2022 by and among the HighPeak Parties and Alamo I.
	•	*“ASC*” means Accounting Standards Codification.
	•	*“ASU*” means Accounting Standards Update.
	•	*“Basin*” means a large natural depression on the earth’s surface in which sediments generally brought by water accumulate.
	•	*“Bbl*” means a standard barrel containing 42 United States gallons.
	•	*“Bcf*” means one billion cubic feet.
	•	*“Boe*” means a barrel of crude oil equivalent and is a standard convention used to express crude oil and natural gas volumes on a comparable crude oil equivalent basis. Natural gas equivalents are determined under the relative energy content method by using the ratio of six thousand cubic feet of natural gas to one Bbl of crude oil or NGL.
	•	*“Boepd*” means Boe per day.
	•	*“Bopd*” means one barrel of crude oil per day.
	•	*“Btu*” means British thermal unit, which is a measure of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.
	•	*“common stock” or “HighPeak Energy common stock*” means the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share.
	•	*“Completion*” The process of treating a drilled well followed by the installation of permanent equipment for the production of crude oil and natural gas, or in the case of a dry hole, the reporting of abandonment to the appropriate agency.
	•	*“Credit Agreement*” means the Company’s Credit Agreement, dated as of December 17, 2020, as amended from time to time, among HighPeak Energy, Inc., as Borrower, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and the Lenders party thereto.
	•	*“DD&A*” means depletion, depreciation and amortization.
	•	*“Development costs*” Costs incurred to obtain access to proved reserves and to provide facilities for extracting, treating, gathering and storing the crude oil and natural gas. For a complete definition of development costs, refer to the SEC’s Regulation S-X, Rule 4-10(a)(7).
	•	*“Development project*” A development project is the means by which petroleum resources are brought to the status of economically producible. As examples, the development of a single reservoir or field, an incremental development in a producing field or the integrated development of a group of several fields and associated facilities with a common ownership may constitute a development project.
	•	*“Development well*” A well drilled within the proved area of a crude oil or natural gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.
	•	*“Differential*” An adjustment to the price of crude oil, NGL or natural gas from an established spot market price to reflect differences in the quality and/or location of crude oil, NGL or natural gas.
	•	*“Dry hole” or “dry well*” A well found to be incapable of producing hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities such that proceeds from the sale of such production exceed production expenses and taxes.
	•	*“Economically producible*” The term economically producible, as it relates to a resource, means a resource which generates revenue that exceeds, or is reasonably expected to exceed, the costs of the operation.
	•	*“Eighth Amendment*” means the Eighth Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of March 14, 2023, by and among HighPeak Energy, Inc., as Borrower, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, the guarantors party thereto and the lenders party thereto.

	•	*“EUR” or “Estimated ultimate recovery*” The sum of reserves remaining as of a given date and cumulative production as of that date.
	•	*“Existing Notes*” means the 10.000% Senior Notes and the 10.625% Senior Notes, collectively.
	•	*“Exploratory well*” An exploratory well is a well drilled to find a new field, to find a new reservoir in a field previously found to be productive of crude oil or natural gas in another reservoir. Generally, an exploratory well is any well that is not a development well, an extension well, a service well or a stratigraphic test well as those items are defined by the SEC.
	•	*“Extension well*” An extension well is a well drilled to extend the limits of a known reservoir.
	•	*“FASB*” Financial Accounting Standards Board.
	•	*“Field*” An area consisting of a single reservoir or multiple reservoirs all grouped on, or related to, the same individual geological structural feature or stratigraphic condition. The field name refers to the surface area, although it may refer to both the surface and the underground productive formations.
	•	*“Fifth Amendment*” means the Fifth Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 14, 2022, by and among HighPeak Energy, Inc., as Borrower, Fifth Third Bank, National Association, as the existing administrative agent, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as the new administrative agent, the guarantors party thereto and the lenders party thereto.
	•	*“Formation*” A layer of rock which has distinct characteristics that differs from nearby rocks.
	•	*“Fourth Amendment*” means the Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of June 27, 2022, among HighPeak Energy, Inc., as Borrower, Fifth Third Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and the guarantors party thereto and lenders party thereto.
	•	*“GAAP*” means accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
	•	*“Gross wells*” means the total wells in which a working interest is owned.

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	•	*“Hannathon Acquisition*” means the acquisition of various crude oil and natural gas properties largely contiguous to the Company’s Signal Peak operating area in Howard County, Texas pursuant to that certain Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of April 26, 2022, with Hannathon Petroleum, LLC and certain other third-party private sellers set forth therein.
	•	*“Held by production*” Acreage covered by a mineral lease that perpetuates a company’s right to operate a property as long as the property produces a minimum paying quantity of crude oil or natural gas.
	•	*“HH*” means Henry Hub, a distribution hub in Louisiana that serves as the delivery location for natural gas futures contracts on the NYMEX.
	•	*“HighPeak Energy” or the “Company*” means HighPeak Energy, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
	•	*“Horizontal drilling*” A drilling technique used in certain formations where a well is drilled vertically to a certain depth and then drilled at a right angle within a specified interval.
	•	*“Hydraulic fracturing*” is the technique of stimulating the production of hydrocarbons from tight formations. The Company routinely utilizes hydraulic fracturing techniques in its drilling and completion programs. The process involves the injection of water, sand, and chemicals under pressure into the formation to fracture the surrounding rock and stimulate production.
	•	*“Lease operating expenses*” The expenses of lifting crude oil or natural gas from a producing formation to the surface, constituting part of the current operating expenses of a working interest including labor, superintendence, supplies, repairs, short-lived assets, maintenance, allocated overhead costs, workover, marketing and transportation costs, insurance and other expenses incidental to production, but excluding lease acquisition or drilling or completion expenses.
	•	*“MBbl*” means one thousand Bbls.
	•	*“MBoe*” means one thousand Boes.
	•	*“Mcf*” means one thousand cubic feet and is a measure of natural gas volume.
	•	*“MMBbl*” means one million Bbls.
	•	*“MMBtu*” means one million Btus.
	•	*“MMcf*” means one million cubic feet and is a measure of natural gas volume.
	•	*“Net acres*” The percentage of total acres an owner has out of a particular number of gross acres or a specified tract. As an example. an owner who has 50% interest in 100 gross acres owns 50 net acres.
	•	*“Net production*” Production that is owned by us, less royalties and production due others.
	•	*“NGL*” means natural gas liquids, which are the heavier hydrocarbon liquids that are separated from the natural gas stream; such liquids include ethane, propane, isobutane, normal butane and gasoline.
	•	*“Ninth Amendment*” means the Ninth Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of July 12, 2023, by and among HighPeak Energy, Inc., as Borrower, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, the guarantors party thereto and the lenders party thereto.
	•	*“NYMEX*” means the New York Mercantile Exchange.
	•	*“OPEC*” means the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
	•	*“Operator*” The individual or company responsible for the exploration and/or production of a crude oil or natural gas well or lease.
	•	*“Plugging*” A downhole tool that is set inside the casing to isolate the lower part of the wellbore.
	•	*“Pooling*” The bringing together of small tracts or fractional mineral interests in one or more tracts to form a drilling and production unit for a well under applicable spacing rules.
	•	*“Predecessor*” refers to HPK LP for the period from January 1, 2020 to August 20, 2020.
	•	*“Production costs*” Costs incurred to operate and maintain wells and related equipment and facilities, including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities and other costs of operating and maintaining those wells and related equipment and facilities. For a complete definition of production costs, refer to the SEC’s Regulation S-X, Rule 4-10(a)(20).
	•	*“Productive well*” A well that is found to be capable of producing hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities such that proceeds from the sale of the production exceed production expenses and taxes.
	•	*“Proration unit*” A unit that can be effectively and efficiently drained by one well, as allocated by a governmental agency having regulatory jurisdiction.
	•	*“Prospect*” A specific geographic area which, based on supporting geological, geophysical or other data and also preliminary economic analysis using reasonably anticipated prices and costs, is deemed to have potential for the discovery of commercial hydrocarbons.
	•	*“Proved developed nonproducing reserves” or “PDNP*” means proved reserves that are developed nonproducing reserves.
	•	*“Proved developed producing reserves” or “PDP*” means proved reserves that are developed producing reserves.
	•	*“Proved developed reserves*” means proved reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods and can be expected to be recovered through extraction technology installed and operational at the time of the reserve estimate and can be subdivided into PDP and PDNP reserves.
	•	*“Proved reserves*” Those quantities of crude oil and natural gas, which, by analysis of geosciences and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible – from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations – prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a reasonable time.

	(i) The area of the reservoir considered as proved includes: (A) the area identified by drilling and limited by fluid contacts, if any, and (B) adjacent undrilled portions of the reservoir that can, with reasonable certainty, be judged to be continuous with it and to contain economically producible crude oil or natural gas on the basis of available geoscience and engineering data.
	(ii) In the absence of data on fluid contacts, proved quantities in a reservoir are limited by the lowest known hydrocarbons as seen in a well penetration unless geoscience, engineering or performance data and reliable technology establishes a lower contact with reasonable certainty.
	(iii) Where direct observation from well penetrations has defined a highest known crude oil elevation and the potential exists for an associated natural gas cap, proved crude oil reserves may be assigned in the structurally higher portions of the reservoir only if geoscience, engineering or performance data and reliable technology establish the higher contact with reasonable certainty.
	(iv) Reserves which can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (including, but not limited to, fluid injection) are included in the proved classification when: (A) successful testing by a pilot project in an area of the reservoir with properties no more favorable than in the reservoir as a whole, the operation of an installed program in the reservoir or an analogous reservoir, or other evidence using reliable technology establishes the reasonable certainty of the engineering analysis on which the project or program was based; and (B) the project has been approved for development by all necessary parties and entities, including governmental entities.
	(v) Existing economic conditions include prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. The price shall be the average during the 12-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered by the report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within such period, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future conditions.

Table of Contents

	•	*“Proved undeveloped reserves” or “PUD*” means proved reserves that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for completion. Undrilled locations can be classified as PUDs only if a development plan has been adopted indicating that such locations are scheduled to be drilled within five (5) years, unless specific circumstances justify a longer time.
	•	*“PV-10*” When used with respect to crude oil and natural gas reserves, PV-10 means the estimated future gross revenue to be generated from the production of proved reserves, net of estimated production and future development and abandonment costs, using prices and costs in effect at the determination date, before income taxes, and without giving effect to non-property related expenses, discounted to a present value using an annual discount rate of 10%. PV-10 is not a financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP and generally differs from standardized measure, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, because it does not include the effects of income taxes on future net revenues. Neither PV-10 nor standardized measure represents an estimate of the fair market value of our crude oil and natural gas properties. We and others in the industry use PV-10 as a measure to compare the relative size and value of proved reserves held by companies without regard to the specific tax characteristics of such entities.
	•	*“Realized price*” The cash market price less all expected quality, transportation and demand adjustments.
	•	*“Recompletion*” The process of re-entering an existing wellbore that is either producing or not producing and completing new reservoirs or enhancing existing reservoirs in an attempt to establish or increase existing production.
	•	*“Reserves*” Reserves are estimated remaining quantities of crude oil and natural gas and related substances anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by application of development projects to known accumulations. In addition, there must exist, or there must be a reasonable expectation that there will exist, the legal right to produce or a revenue interest in the production, installed means of delivering crude oil and natural gas or related substances to market, and all permits and financing required to implement the project.
	•	*“Reservoir*” A porous and permeable underground formation containing a natural accumulation of producible crude oil and/or natural gas that is confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and is separate from other reservoirs.
	•	*“Resources*” Quantities of crude oil and natural gas estimated to exist in naturally occurring accumulations. A portion of the resources may be estimated to be recoverable, and another portion may be considered unrecoverable. Resources include both discovered and undiscovered accumulations.
	•	*“royalty*” An interest in a crude oil and natural gas lease that gives the owner the right to receive a portion of the production from the leased acreage (or of the proceeds from the sale thereof) but does not require the owner to pay any portion of the production or development costs on the leased acreage. Royalties may be either landowner’s royalties, which are reserved by the owner of the leased acreage at the time the lease is granted, or overriding royalties, which are usually reserved by an owner of the leasehold in connection with a transfer to a subsequent owner.
	•	*“SEC*” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
	•	*“Service well*” A well drilled or completed for the purpose of supporting production in an existing field. Specific purposes of service wells include natural gas injection, water injection, steam injection, air injection, salt-water disposal, water supply for injection, observation, or injection for in-situ combustion.
	•	*“Seventh Amendment*” means the Seventh Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of December 9, 2022, by and among HighPeak Energy, Inc., as Borrower, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, the guarantors party thereto and the lenders party thereto.
	•	*“Sixth Amendment*” means the Sixth Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2022, by and among HighPeak Energy, Inc., as Borrower, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, the guarantors party thereto and the lenders party thereto.
	•	*“Spacing*” The distance between wells producing from the same reservoir. Spacing is often expressed in terms of acres, e.g., 100-acre spacing, the distance between horizontal wellbores, e.g., 880-foot spacing or the number of wells per section, e.g., 6-well spacing. It is often established by regulatory agencies and/or the operator to optimize recovery of hydrocarbons.
	•	*“Spot market price*” The cash market price without reduction for expected quality, transportation and demand adjustments.
	•	*“Standardized measure*” The present value (discounted at an annual rate of 10 percent) of estimated future net revenues to be generated from the production of proved reserves net of estimated income taxes associated with such net revenues, as determined in accordance with FASB guidelines as well as the rules and regulations of the SEC, without giving effect to non-property related expenses such as indirect general and administrative expenses, and debt service or to DD&A. Standardized measure does not give effect to derivative transactions.
	•	*“Stratigraphic test well*” A drilling effort, geologically directed, to obtain information pertaining to a specific geologic condition. Such wells customarily are drilled without the intent of being completed for hydrocarbon production. The classification also includes tests identified as core tests and all types of expendable holes related to hydrocarbon exploration. Stratigraphic tests are classified as “exploratory type” if not drilled in a known area or “development type” if drilled in a known area.
	•	*“Third Amendment*” means the Third Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2022, among HighPeak Energy, Inc., as Borrower, Fifth Third Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto.

	•	*“Undeveloped acreage*” Lease acreage on which wells have not been drilled or completed to a point that would permit the production of commercial quantities of crude oil and natural gas regardless of whether such acreage contains proved reserves.
	•	*“Unit*” The joining of all or substantially all interests in a reservoir or field, rather than a single tract, to provide for development and operation without regard to separate property interests. Also, the area covered by a unitization agreement.
	•	*“U.S.*” means the United States.
	•	*“warrants*” means warrants to purchase one share of HighPeak Energy common stock at a price of $11.50 per share.
	•	*“Wellbore*” The hole drilled by the bit that is equipped for crude oil and natural gas production on a completed well. Also called well or borehole.
	•	*“Working interes*t” The right granted to the lessee of a property to explore for and to produce and own crude oil, natural gas or other minerals. The working interest owners bear the exploration, development and operating costs on either a cash, penalty or carried basis.
	•	*“Workover*” Operations on a producing well to restore or increase production.
	•	*“WTI*” means West Texas Intermediate, a light sweet blend of crude oil produced from fields in western Texas and is a grade of crude oil used as a benchmark in crude oil pricing.
	•	With respect to information on the working interest in wells and acreage, “*net” wells and acres are determined by multiplying “gross*” wells and acres by the Company’s working interest in such wells or acres. Unless otherwise specified, wells and acreage statistics quoted herein represent gross wells or acres.
	•	All currency amounts are expressed in U.S. dollars.

The terms “development costs,” “development project,” “development well,” “economically producible,” “estimated ultimate recovery,” “exploratory well,” “production costs,” “reserves,” “reservoir,” “resources,” “service wells” and “stratigraphic test well” are defined by the SEC. Except as noted, the terms defined in this section are not the same as SEC definitions.

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Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts included or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report, including, without limitation, statements regarding the Company’s future financial position, business strategy, budgets, projected revenues, projected costs, and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, the Company’s management. In addition, forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes,” “plans,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “forecasts,” “intends,” “continue,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “future,” “potential,” “estimate” or the negative of such terms and similar expressions as they relate to the Company are intended to identify forward-looking statements, which are generally not historical in nature. The forward-looking statements are based on the Company’s current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about the Company and the industry in which the Company operates. Although the Company believes that the expectations and assumptions reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made, they involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict and, in many cases, beyond the Company’s control. In addition, the Company may be subject to currently unforeseen risks that may have a materially adverse effect on it. Accordingly, no assurances can be given that the actual events and results will not be materially different from the anticipated results described in the forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. The Company undertakes no duty to publicly update these statements except as required by law. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the Company’s expectations include, but are not limited to, the Company’s assumptions about:

	●	our ability to refinance or pay, when due, the principal of, interest or other amounts due in respect of our indebtedness, including our Existing Notes;
	●	our liquidity, cash flow and access to capital;
	●	the supply and demand for and market prices of crude oil, NGL, natural gas and other products or services, and the associated impact of our hedging policies relating thereto;
	●	capital expenditures and other contractual obligations, including our obligations under our Credit Agreement and the indentures governing each of the 10.000% Senior Notes and the 10.625% Senior Notes;
	●	the results of our ongoing strategic alternatives review process;
	●	political instability or armed conflict in crude oil or natural gas producing regions, such as the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine;
	●	the integration of acquisitions, including the Alamo Acquisitions and the Hannathon Acquisition;
	●	the availability of capital resources;
	●	production and reserve levels;
	●	drilling and completion risks;
	●	inflation rates and the impacts of associated monetary policy responses, including increased interest rates and resulting pressures on economic growth;
	●	economic and competitive conditions;
	●	the impacts of the transition to an anticipated two-rig development program for the remainder of 2023;
	●	weather conditions;
	●	the length, scope and severity of the ongoing coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) pandemic, including the effects of related public health concerns and the impact of continued actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic and its impact on commodity prices, supply and demand considerations, and storage capacity;
	●	the availability of goods and services and supply chain issues;
	●	legislative, regulatory or policy changes;
	●	regulatory and related policy actions intended by federal, state and/or local governments to reduce fossil fuel use and associated carbon emissions, to drive the substitution of renewable forms of energy for crude oil and natural gas, which may over time reduce demand for crude oil, NGL and natural gas, including as a result of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA 2022”) or otherwise;
	●	cyber-attacks;
	●	occurrence of property acquisitions or divestitures;
	●	the securities or capital markets and our ability to access such markets on attractive terms or at all, and related risks such as general credit, liquidity, market and interest-rate risks; and
	●	other factors disclosed under “Part I, Items 1 and 2. Business and Properties,” “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors,” “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on March 6, 2023 (“Annual Report”) our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on May 10, 2023 under “Part I, Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Part I, Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” and this Quarterly Report under “Part I, Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Part I, Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to the Company, or persons acting on its behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements. Except as required by law, the Company assumes no duty to update or revise its forward-looking statements based on changes in internal estimates or expectations or otherwise.

Additionally, we caution you that reserve engineering is a process of estimating underground accumulations of crude oil, NGL and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact way. The accuracy of any reserve estimate depends on the quality of available data, the interpretation of such data and price and cost assumptions made by reserve engineers. In addition, the results of drilling, testing and production activities may justify revisions of estimates that were made previously. If significant, such revisions could change the schedule of any further production and development drilling. Accordingly, reserve estimates may differ significantly from the quantities of crude oil, NGL and natural gas that are ultimately recovered.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

HighPeak Energy, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share data)

	June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
		(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	30,265		$	30,504
Accounts receivable		100,974			96,596
Inventory		9,201			13,275
Prepaid expenses		3,154			4,133
Derivatives		435			17
Total current assets		144,029			144,525
Crude oil and natural gas properties, using the successful efforts method of accounting:
Proved properties		2,977,987			2,270,236
Unproved properties		91,630			114,665
Accumulated depletion, depreciation and amortization		(434,006	)		(259,962	)
Total crude oil and natural gas properties, net		2,635,611			2,124,939
Other property and equipment, net		3,592			3,587
Other noncurrent assets		6,771			6,431
Total assets	$	2,790,003		$	2,279,482
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERSLIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERSLIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt, net	$	741,155		$	—
Accounts payable – trade		215,845			105,565
Accrued capital expenditures		102,727			91,842
Revenues and royalties payable		36,480			15,623
Other accrued liabilities		15,815			15,600
Accrued interest		14,049			13,152
Derivatives		10,700			16,702
Advances from joint interest owners		782			7,302
Operating leases		622			343
Total current liabilities		1,138,175			266,129
Noncurrent liabilities:
Long-term debt, net		231,854			704,349
Deferred income taxes		155,315			131,164
Asset retirement obligations		7,886			7,502
Derivatives		1,094			691
Operating leases		269			—
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022		—			—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 600,000,000 shares authorized, 113,385,923 and 113,165,027 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		11			11
Additional paid-in capital		1,018,810			1,008,896
Retained earnings		236,589			160,740
Total stockholders’ equity		1,255,410			1,169,647
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,790,003		$	2,279,482

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HighPeak Energy, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Operating revenues:
Crude oil sales	$	236,390		$	190,926		$	452,086		$	277,864
NGL and natural gas sales		4,370			10,502			12,468			15,793
Total operating revenues		240,760			201,428			464,554			293,657
Operating costs and expenses:
Crude oil and natural gas production		34,934			16,595			67,876			26,041
Production and ad valorem taxes		13,259			10,301			25,556			15,307
Exploration and abandonments		480			184			2,644			393
Depletion, depreciation and amortization		93,011			34,883			174,142			51,907
Accretion of discount		120			66			238			120
General and administrative		2,516			2,016			5,018			3,956
Stock-based compensation		3,984			14,579			8,038			18,555
Total operating costs and expenses		148,304			78,624			283,512			116,279
Other expense		7,502			—			7,502			—
Income from operations		84,954			122,804			173,540			177,378
Interest and other income		163			2			193			252
Interest expense		(39,284	)		(9,282	)		(66,256	)		(14,534	)
Derivative loss, net		(4,363	)		(11,891	)		(1,243	)		(78,285	)
Income before income taxes		41,470			101,633			106,234			84,811
Income tax expense		9,644			24,072			24,151			23,760
Net income	$	31,826		$	77,561		$	82,083		$	61,051
Earnings per share:
Basic net income	$	0.26		$	0.69		$	0.67		$	0.56
Diluted net income	$	0.25		$	0.64		$	0.64		$	0.52

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		111,227			103,178			111,227			99,530
Diluted		115,978			111,228			117,127			106,843

Dividends declared per share	$	0.025		$	0.025		$	0.05		$	0.05

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HighPeak Energy, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Shares Outstanding		Common Stock		Additional Paid-in- Capital		Retained Earnings			Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance, December 31, 2022		113,165	$	11	$	1,008,896	$	160,740		$	1,169,647
Dividends declared ($0.025 per share)		—		—		—		(2,829	)		(2,829	)
Dividend equivalents declared on outstanding stock options ($0.025 per share)		—		—		—		(288	)		(288	)
Exercise of warrants		—		—		2		—			2
Stock-based compensation costs:
Shares issued upon options being exercised		12		—		148		—			148
Compensation costs included in net income		—		—		4,054		—			4,054
Net income		—		—		—		50,257			50,257
Balance, March 31, 2023		113,177		11		1,013,100		207,880			1,220,991
Dividends declared ($0.025 per share)		—		—		—		(2,830	)		(2,830	)
Dividend equivalents declared on outstanding stock options ($0.025 per share)		—		—		—		(287	)		(287	)
Exercise of warrants		150		—		1,726		—			1,726
Stock-based compensation costs:
Restricted shares issued to outside directors		59		—		—		—			—
Compensation costs included in net income		—		—		3,984		—			3,984
Net income		—		—		—		31,826			31,826
Balance, June 30, 2023		113,386	$	11	$	1,018,810	$	236,589		$	1,255,410

Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Shares Outstanding		Common Stock		Additional Paid-in- Capital			Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)			Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance, December 31, 2021		96,774	$	10	$	617,489		$	(64,436	)	$	553,063
Dividends declared ($0.025 per share)		—		—		—			(2,434	)		(2,434	)
Dividend equivalents declared on outstanding stock options ($0.025 per share)		—		—		—			(250	)		(250	)
Stock issued for acquisition		6,960		—		156,599			—			156,599
Stock issuance costs		—		—		(55	)		—			(55	)
Exercise of warrants		69		—		779			—			779
Stock-based compensation costs:
Shares issued upon options being exercised		8		—		75			—			75
Compensation costs included in net loss		—		—		2,614			—			2,614
Net loss		—		—		—			(16,510	)		(16,510	)
Balance, March 31, 2022		103,811		10		777,501			(83,630	)		693,881
Dividends declared ($0.025 per share)		—		—		—			(2,630	)		(2,630	)
Dividend equivalents declared on outstanding stock options ($0.025 per share)		—		—		—			(249	)		(249	)
Stock issued for acquisitions		3,894		1		108,382			—			108,383
Stock issuance costs		—		—		(3	)		—			(3	)
Exercise of warrants		897		—		6,971			—			6,971
Stock-based compensation costs:
Shares issued upon options being exercised		4		—		45			—			45
Restricted shares issued to outside directors		21		—		—			—			—
Restricted shares issued to employees		600		—		—			—			—
Compensation costs included in net income		—		—		16,429			—			16,429
Net income		—		—		—			77,561			77,561
Balance, June 30, 2022		109,227	$	11	$	909,325		$	(8,948	)	$	900,388

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HighPeak Energy, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	82,083		$	61,051
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations:
Exploration and abandonment expense		2,186			32
Depletion, depreciation and amortization expense		174,142			51,907
Accretion expense		238			120
Stock-based compensation expense		8,038			18,555
Amortization of debt issuance costs		5,704			1,781
Amortization of discounts on 10.000% Senior Notes and 10.625% Senior Notes		8,627			2,741
Derivative-related activity		(6,017	)		16,442
Deferred income taxes		24,151			23,760
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(4,378	)		(50,857	)
Prepaid expenses, inventory and other assets		3,941			(2,571	)
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other current liabilities		64,961			25,225
Net cash provided by operating activities		363,676			148,186
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Additions to crude oil and natural gas properties		(678,968	)		(403,177	)
Changes in working capital associated with crude oil and natural gas property additions		74,736			105,476
Acquisitions of crude oil and natural gas properties		(7,789	)		(250,448	)
Deposit and other costs related to pending acquisitions		(397	)		—
Other property additions		(103	)		(996	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(612,521	)		(549,145	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Borrowings under Credit Agreement		255,000			380,000
Proceeds from exercises of warrants		1,728			7,750
Proceeds from exercises of stock options		148			120
Dividends paid		(5,554	)		(4,959	)
Debt issuance costs		(1,399	)		(9,098	)
Stock offering costs		(748	)		(58	)
Dividend equivalents paid		(569	)		(427	)
Proceeds from issuance of 10.000% Senior Notes, net of discount		—			210,179
Repayments under Credit Agreement		—			(195,000	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		248,606			388,507
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(239	)		(12,452	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		30,504			34,869
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	30,265		$	22,417

Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	51,027		$	1,689
Cash paid for income taxes		—			—
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash transactions:
Stock issued for acquisition	$	—		$	264,982
Additions to asset retirement obligations		186			3,676

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HIGHPEAK ENERGY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1. Organization and Nature of Operations

HighPeak Energy, Inc. ("HighPeak Energy" or the "Company,") is a Delaware corporation, formed in October 2019. See the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 6, 2023, for further information regarding the formation of the Company.

HighPeak Energy’s common stock and warrants are listed and traded on the Nasdaq Global Market (the "Nasdaq") under the ticker symbols “HPK” and “HPKEW,” respectively. The Company is an independent crude oil and natural gas exploration and production company that explores for, develops and produces crude oil, NGL and natural gas in the Permian Basin in West Texas, more specifically, the Midland Basin primarily in Howard and Borden Counties. Our acreage is composed of two core areas, Flat Top primarily in the northern portion of Howard County extending into southern Borden, southwest Scurry and northwest Mitchell Counties and Signal Peak in the southern portion of Howard County.

NOTE 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Presentation. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company as of June 30, 2023 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 include all adjustments and accruals, consisting only of normal, recurring adjustments and accruals necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"). The operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 are not indicative of results for a full year.

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read together with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Going concern. In accordance with GAAP, management evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. While results of operations and cash flows remained strong during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, management determined that certain factors present substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. These factors primarily include significant current debt, which impacts the Company’s ability to meet debt covenants, and working capital deficits. The condensed consolidated financial statements assume the Company will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that might result from this uncertainty. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern depends on continued strong results of operations and cash flows and the ability to refinance, repay or extend the maturity of our current debt in the near-term.

We are currently evaluating multiple prospective supplemental financing alternatives. Failure to redeem or refinance the 10.000% Senior Notes due February 2024 on or before September 1, 2023 or such later date as agreed to in writing by the Majority Lenders in their reasonable discretion, allocate a portion of our cash flow that will retire such 10.000% Senior Notes on or before November 30, 2023 or amend the terms of such 10.000% Senior Notes to extend the scheduled repayment thereof to no earlier than February 15, 2025 will result in an event of default under our Credit Agreement and an acceleration of the repayment of all amounts outstanding thereunder. We may not be successful in refinancing, repaying or extending the maturity of the 10.000% Senior Notes or allocating a portion of our cash flow satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Majority Lenders to retire the 10.000% Senior Notes by November 30, 2023, by September 1, 2023 or such later date as agreed to in writing by the Majority Lenders in their reasonable discretion and in the future we may not be able to obtain additional postponements or waivers under, or amendments of, the Credit Agreement, of the types described in Note 7. Any such refinancing may not be obtainable on terms favorable to us. Further, any inability to satisfy our obligations under the Credit Agreement, including the 10.000% Senior Notes Obligation, could lead to the acceleration of amounts due thereunder by our credit facility lenders, which would cause a cross default and acceleration of amounts due under our Existing Notes.

Principles of consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries since their acquisition or formation. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period’s presentation.

Use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements. Preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Depletion of crude oil and natural gas properties is determined using estimates of proved crude oil, NGL and natural gas reserves and evaluations for impairment of proved and unproved crude oil and natural gas properties, in part, is determined using estimates of proved and risk adjusted probable and possible crude oil, NGL and natural gas reserves. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in the estimation of quantities of proved, probable and possible reserves and in the projection of future rates of production and the timing of development expenditures. Similarly, evaluations for impairment of proved crude oil and natural gas properties are subject to numerous uncertainties including, among others, estimates of future recoverable reserves, commodity price outlooks and future undiscounted and discounted net cash flows. In addition, evaluations for impairment of unproved crude oil and natural gas properties on a project-by-project basis are also subject to numerous uncertainties including, among others, estimates of future recoverable reserves, results of exploration activities, commodity price outlooks, planned future sales or expirations of all or a portion of such projects. Other items subject to such estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, the carrying value of crude oil and natural gas properties, asset retirement obligations, equity-based compensation, fair value of derivatives and estimates of income taxes. Actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions utilized.

Cash and cash equivalents. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents include depository accounts held by banks with original issuance maturities of 90 days or less. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are generally held in financial institutions in amounts that may exceed the insurance limits of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. However, management believes that the Company’s counterparty risks are minimal based on the reputation and history of the institutions selected.

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Accounts receivable. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s accounts receivables primarily consist of amounts due from the sale of crude oil, NGL and natural gas of $80.6 million and $81.6 million, respectively, and are based on estimates of sales volumes and realized prices the Company anticipates it will receive, joint interest receivables of $17.2 million and $2.2 million, respectively, current U.S. federal income tax receivables of $3.2 million and $3.2 million, respectively, zero and $4.9 million, respectively, related to receivables from electric power infrastructure installed throughout Flat Top by the Company that it was reimbursed for, and receivables related to settlements of derivative contracts of zero and $4.7 million, respectively. The Company’s share of crude oil, NGL and natural gas production is sold to various purchasers who must be prequalified under the Company’s credit risk policies and procedures. The Company’s credit risk related to collecting accounts receivables is mitigated by using credit and other financial criteria to evaluate the credit standing of the entity obligated to make payment on the accounts receivable, and where appropriate, the Company obtains assurances of payment, such as a guarantee by the parent company of the counterparty or other credit support.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 and the subsequent applicable modifications to the rule on January 1, 2023. Accounts receivable are stated at amounts due from purchasers or joint interest owners, net of an allowance for expected losses as estimated by the Company when collection is doubtful. For receivables from joint interest owners, the Company typically has the ability to withhold future revenue disbursements to recover any non-payment of joint interest billings. Accounts receivable from purchasers or joint interest owners outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. The Company determines its allowance for each type of receivable by considering a number of factors, including the length of time accounts receivable are past due, the Company’s previous loss history, the debtor’s current ability to pay its obligation to the Company, the condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. The Company writes off specific accounts receivable when they become uncollectible, and payments subsequently received on such receivables are credited to the allowance for expected losses. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had no allowance for credit losses related to accounts receivable.

Concentration of credit risk. The Company is subject to credit risk resulting from the concentration of its crude oil and natural gas receivables with significant purchasers. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022, sales to the Company’s two largest purchasers accounted for approximately 96% and 94%, respectively, of the Company’s total crude oil, NGL and natural gas sales revenues. The Company generally does not require collateral and does not believe the loss of these particular purchasers would materially impact its operating results, as crude oil and natural gas are fungible products with well-established markets and numerous purchasers in various regions.

Inventory. Inventory is comprised primarily of crude oil and natural gas drilling and completion or repair items such as pumps, tubing, casing, vessels, operating supplies and ordinary maintenance materials and parts. The materials and supplies inventory is primarily acquired for use in future drilling and completion or repair operations and is carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value, on a weighted average cost basis. Valuation allowances for materials and supplies inventories are recorded as reductions to the carrying values of the materials and supplies inventories in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet and as charges to other expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s materials and supplies inventory as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is $9.2 million and $13.3 million, respectively, and the Company has not recognized any valuation allowance to date.

Prepaid expenses. Prepaid expenses are comprised primarily of pending transaction costs related to an equity offering that was completed in July 2023 and debt refinancing efforts which are ongoing, prepaid insurance costs that will be amortized over the life of the policies, a deposit on a small acquisition of producing properties within the heart of one of the Company’s operating areas which is expected to close during the third quarter of 2023, caliche that will be used on future locations and roads in our development areas, tubulars and proppant that the Company has prepaid the suppliers to guarantee their availability when needed for our current drilling program, prepaid agency fees and software maintenance fees that will be amortized over the life of the contracts. Prepaid expenses as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are $3.2 million and $4.1 million, respectively.

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Crude oil and natural gas properties. The Company utilizes the successful efforts method of accounting for its crude oil and natural gas properties. Under this method, all costs associated with productive wells and nonproductive development wells are capitalized while nonproductive exploration costs and geological and geophysical expenditures are expensed.

The Company does not carry the costs of drilling an exploratory well as an asset in its consolidated balance sheet following the completion of drilling unless both of the following conditions are met: (i) the well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify its completion as a producing well and (ii) the Company is making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project.

Due to the capital-intensive nature and the geographical location of certain projects, it may take an extended period of time to evaluate the future potential of an exploration project and the economics associated with making a determination on its commercial viability. In these instances, the project’s feasibility is not contingent upon price improvements or advances in technology, but rather the Company’s ongoing efforts and expenditures related to accurately predict the hydrocarbon recoverability based on well information, gaining access to other companies’ production data in the area, transportation or processing facilities and/or getting partner approval to drill additional appraisal wells. These activities are ongoing and are being pursued constantly. Consequently, the Company’s assessment of suspended exploratory well costs is continuous until a decision can be made that the project has found sufficient proved reserves to sanction the project or is noncommercial and is charged to exploration and abandonment expense. See Note 6 for additional information.

The capitalized costs of proved properties are depleted using the unit-of-production method based on proved reserves for leasehold costs and proved developed reserves for drilling, completion and other crude oil and natural gas property costs. Costs of unproved leasehold costs are excluded from depletion until proved reserves are established or, if unsuccessful, impairment is determined.

Proceeds from the sales of individual properties are credited to proved or unproved crude oil and natural gas properties, as the case may be, if doing so does not materially impact the depletion rate of an amortization base. Generally, no gain or loss is recorded until an entire amortization base is sold. However, gain or loss is recorded from the sale of less than an entire amortization base if the disposition is significant enough to materially impact the depletion rate of the remaining properties in the amortization base.

The Company performs assessments of its long-lived assets to be held and used, including proved crude oil and natural gas properties accounted for under the successful efforts method of accounting, whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of those assets may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is indicated if the sum of the expected future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets. In these circumstances, the Company recognizes an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets.

Unproved crude oil and natural gas properties are periodically assessed for impairment on a project-by-project basis. These impairment assessments are affected by the estimates of future recoverable reserves, results of exploration activities, commodity price outlooks, planned future sales or expirations of all or a portion of such projects. If the estimated future net cash flows attributable to such projects are not expected to be sufficient to fully recover the costs invested in each project, the Company will recognize an impairment charge at that time.

Other property and equipment, net. Other property and equipment is recorded at cost. The carrying values of other property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $794,000 and $696,000 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, are as follows (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Land	$	2,139	$	2,139
Transportation equipment		693		691
Buildings		537		544
Leasehold improvements		217		206
Field equipment		5		6
Furniture and fixtures		1		1
Total other property and equipment, net	$	3,592	$	3,587

Other property and equipment are depreciated over their estimated useful life on a straight-line basis. Land is not depreciated. Transportation equipment is generally depreciated over five years, buildings are generally depreciated over forty years, field equipment is generally depreciated over seven years and furniture and fixtures is generally depreciated over five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of their estimated useful lives or the underlying terms of the associated leases.

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recorded is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value. The estimated fair value is determined using either a discounted future cash flow model or another appropriate fair value method.

Aid-in-construction assets. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had aid-in-construction assets totaling $5.9 million and $6.1 million, respectively, included in other noncurrent assets. The Company is receiving and will continue to receive payments based on gross system throughput, including any third-party natural gas that is potentially tied into the system in the future. The contract calls for future aid-in-construction fundings if expansions of the system are necessary as determined in the sole discretion of the Company.

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Leases. The Company enters into leases for drilling rigs, storage tanks, equipment and buildings and recognizes lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are initially recorded on the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company’s lease contracts do not provide an implicit discount rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, which is determined based on information available at the commencement date of a lease. Leases may include renewal, purchase or termination options that can extend or shorten the term of a lease. The exercise of those options is at the Company’s sole discretion and is evaluated at inception and throughout the contract to determine if a modification of the lease term is required. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are generally not recorded as lease right-of-use assets and liabilities. See Note 10 for additional information.

Current liabilities. Current portion of long-term debt, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and derivative liabilities included in current liabilities as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 totaled approximately $1.1 billion and $266.1 million, respectively, including current portion of long-term debt, trade accounts payable, accrued capital expenditures, revenues and royalties payable, derivative liabilities and accruals for operating and general and administrative expenses, interest expense, operating leases, dividends and dividend equivalents and other miscellaneous items.

Debt issuance costs and original issue discount. The Company has paid a total of $20.4 million in debt issuance costs, $672,000of which was incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2023 primarily related to amendments to the Credit Agreement. Amortization based on the straight-line method over the terms of the Credit Agreement, 10.000% Senior Notes and 10.625% Senior Notes which approximates the effective interest method was $5.7 million and $1.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In addition, the Company realized a total of $34.8 million in original issuer discounts on the issuance of its 10.000% Senior Notes and 10.625% Senior Notes that is being amortized over the life of the notes which approximates the effective interest method and was $8.6 million and $2.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the net debt issuance costs and discounts are netted against the outstanding current portion of long-term debt and long-term debt on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets in accordance with GAAP. In addition to the amounts discussed above, there is also $727,000 included in current assets related to the ongoing efforts to refinance the Company’s debt that will be considered debt issuance costs once completed or written off to expense if refinancing efforts are not successful.

Asset retirement obligations. The Company records a liability for the fair value of an asset retirement obligation in the period in which the associated asset is acquired or placed into service if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. Asset retirement obligations are generally capitalized as part of the carrying value of the long-lived asset to which it relates. Conditional asset retirement obligations meet the definition of liabilities and are recorded when incurred and when fair value can be reasonably estimated. See Note 8 for additional information.

Revenue recognition. The Company follows FASB ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” (“ASC 606”) whereby the Company recognizes revenues from the sales of crude oil, NGL and natural gas to its purchasers and presents them disaggregated on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

The Company enters into contracts with purchasers to sell its crude oil, NGL and natural gas production. Revenue on these contracts is recognized in accordance with the five-step revenue recognition model prescribed in ASC 606. Specifically, revenue is recognized when the Company’s performance obligations under these contracts are satisfied, which generally occurs with the transfer of control of the crude oil and natural gas to the purchaser. Control is generally considered transferred when the following criteria are met: (i) transfer of physical custody, (ii) transfer of title, (iii) transfer of risk of loss and (iv) relinquishment of any repurchase rights or other similar rights. Given the nature of the products sold, revenue is recognized at a point in time based on the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in accordance with the price specified in the contract. Consideration under the crude oil and natural gas marketing contracts is typically received from the purchaser one to two months after the date of sale. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had receivables related to contracts with purchasers of approximately $80.6 million and $81.6 million, respectively.

Crude Oil Contracts. The Company’s crude oil marketing contracts transfer physical custody and title at or near the wellhead, which is generally when control of the crude oil has been transferred to the purchaser. The crude oil produced is sold under contracts using market-based pricing which is then adjusted for the differentials based upon delivery location and crude oil quality. Since the differentials are incurred after the transfer of control of the crude oil, the differentials are included in crude oil sales on the consolidated statements of operations as they represent part of the transaction price of the contract.

Natural Gas Contracts. The majority of the Company’s natural gas is sold at the lease location, which is generally when control of the natural gas has been transferred to the purchaser. The natural gas is sold under (i) percentage of proceeds processing contracts or (ii) a hybrid of percentage of proceeds and fee-based contracts. Under the majority of the Company’s contracts, the purchaser gathers the natural gas in the field where it is produced and transports it to natural gas processing plants where NGL products are extracted. The NGL products and remaining residue natural gas are then sold by the purchaser. Under percentage of proceeds and hybrid percentage of proceeds and fee-based contracts, the Company receives a percentage of the value for the extracted liquids and the residue natural gas. Since control of the natural gas transfers upstream of the transportation and processing activities, revenue is recognized as the net amount received from the purchaser.

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations under its contracts with customers as it applies the practical exemption in accordance with ASC 606. The exemption, as described in ASC 606-10-50-14(a), applies to variable consideration that is recognized as control of the product is transferred to the customer. Since each unit of product represents a separate performance obligation, future volumes are wholly unsatisfied and disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations is not required.

Derivatives. All the Company’s derivatives are accounted for as non-hedge derivatives and are recorded at estimated fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. All changes in the fair values of its derivative contracts are recorded as gains or losses in the earnings of the periods in which they occur. The Company enters into derivatives under master netting arrangements, which, in an event of default, allows the Company to offset payables to and receivables from the defaulting counterparty. The Company classifies the fair value amounts of derivative assets and liabilities executed under master netting arrangements as net current or noncurrent derivative assets or net current or noncurrent derivative liabilities, whichever the case may be, by commodity and counterparty.

The Company’s credit risk related to derivatives is a counterparties’ failure to perform under derivative contracts owed to the Company. The Company uses credit and other financial criteria to evaluate the credit standing of, and to select, counterparties to its derivative instruments. Although the Company does not obtain collateral or otherwise secure the fair value of its derivative instruments, associated credit risk is mitigated by the Company’s credit risk policies and procedures.

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The Company has entered into International Swap Dealers Association Master Agreements (“ISDA Agreements”) with each of its derivative counterparties. The terms of the ISDA Agreements provide the Company and the counterparties with rights of set off upon the occurrence of defined acts of default by either the Company or a counterparty to a derivative, whereby the party not in default may set off all derivative liabilities owed to the defaulting party against all derivative asset receivables from the defaulting party. See Note 5 for additional information.

Income taxes. The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the carrying amounts for income tax purposes and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The amount of deferred taxes on these temporary differences is determined using the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, as applicable, based on tax rates and laws in the respective tax jurisdiction enacted as of the balance sheet date.

The Company reviews its deferred tax assets for recoverability and establishes a valuation allowance based on projected future taxable income, applicable tax strategies and the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not (likelihood of greater than 50 percent) that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company has not established a valuation allowance as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Tax benefits from an uncertain tax positions are recognized only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, based upon the technical merits of the position. If all or a portion of the unrecognized tax benefit is sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, the tax benefit will be recognized as a reduction to the Company’s deferred tax liability and will affect the Company’s effective tax rate in the period it is recognized. See Note 13 for additional information.

Tax-related interest charges are recorded as interest expense and any tax-related penalties as other expense in the consolidated statements of operations of which there have been none to date.

The Company is also subject to Texas Margin Tax. The Company realized no current Texas Margin Tax in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as we do not anticipate owing any Texas Margin Tax for the periods presented.

Stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation expense for stock option awards is measured at the grant date or modification date, as applicable, using the fair value of the award, and is recorded, net of forfeitures, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the respective award. The fair value of stock option awards is determined on the grant date or modification date, as applicable, using a Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following inputs; (i) the grant date’s closing stock price, (ii) the exercise price of the stock options, (iii) the expected term of the stock option, (iv) the estimated risk-free adjusted interest rate for the duration of the option’s expected term, (v) the expected annual dividend yield on the underlying stock and (vi) the expected volatility over the option’s expected term.

Stock-based compensation for restricted stock awarded to outside directors, employee members of the Board and certain other employees is measured at the grant date using the fair value of the award and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the respective award.

Segments. Based on the Company’s organizational structure, the Company has one operating segment, which is crude oil and natural gas development, exploration and production. In addition, the Company has a single, company-wide management team that allocates capital resources to maximize profitability and measures financial performance as a single enterprise.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses”. This update affects entities holding financial assets and net investment in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. The amendments affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investment in leases, off-balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash. The Company adopted this update effective January 1, 2023. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or liquidity since it does not have a history of credit losses.

New accounting pronouncements not yet adopted. The Company considers the applicability and the impact of all ASUs. ASUs were assessed and determined to be either not applicable, the effects of adoption are not expected to be material or are clarifications of ASUs previously disclosed.

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NOTE 3. Acquisitions

Hannathon Acquisition. In June 2022, the Company closed the Hannathon Acquisition for total net consideration of $337.2 million after normal and customary closing adjustments, including 3,522,117 shares of HighPeak Energy common stock valued at $97.2 million at closing to acquire various crude oil and natural gas properties largely contiguous to its Signal Peak operating area in Howard County, including associated producing properties, water system infrastructure and in-field fluid gathering pipelines. The Hannathon Acquisition was accounted for as an asset acquisition as substantially all of the gross assets acquired are concentrated in a group of similar identifiable assets. The consideration paid was allocated to the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their relative fair values. All transaction costs associated with the Hannathon Acquisition were capitalized.

Alamo Acquisitions. In March and June 2022, the Company closed the Alamo Acquisitions in two separate deals for total net consideration of $156.1 million and $11.0 million, respectively, after normal and customary closing adjustments, including 6,960,000 and 371,517 shares of HighPeak Energy common stock valued at $156.6 million and $11.2 million, respectively, at closing to acquire various crude oil and natural gas properties contiguous to its Flat Top operating area in Borden county, including associated producing properties, water system infrastructure and in-field fluid gathering pipelines. The Alamo Acquisitions were accounted for as asset acquisitions as substantially all of the gross assets acquired are concentrated in a group of similar identifiable assets. The consideration paid was allocated to the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their relative fair values. All transaction costs associated with the Alamo Acquisitions were capitalized.

Other acquisitions. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred a total of $7.8 million and $12.7 million, respectively, in acquisition costs to acquire various undeveloped crude oil and natural gas properties contiguous to its Flat Top and Signal Peak operating areas.

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NOTE 4. Fair Value Measurements

The Company determines fair value based on the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements are based upon inputs that market participants use in pricing an asset or liability, which are characterized according to a hierarchy that prioritizes those inputs based on the degree to which they are observable. Observable inputs represent market data obtained from independent sources, whereas unobservable inputs reflect a company’s own market assumptions, which are used if observable inputs are not reasonably available without undue cost and effort. The fair value input hierarchy level to which an asset or liability measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the measurement in its entirety.

The three input levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

	●	Level 1 – quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
	●	Level 2 – quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (e.g., interest rates) and inputs derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
	●	Level 3 – unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, typically reflecting management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The fair values are therefore, determined using model-based techniques, including discounted cash flow models.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

	As of June 30, 2023
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Commodity price derivatives– current	$	—	$	435		$	—	$	435
Liabilities:
Commodity price derivatives – current		—		10,700			—		10,700
Commodity price derivatives – noncurrent		—		1,094			—		1,094
Total liabilities		—		11,794			—		11,794
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	(11,359	)	$	—	$	(11,359	)

	As of December 31, 2022
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Commodity price derivatives– current	$	—	$	17		$	—	$	17
Liabilities:
Commodity price derivatives – current		—		16,702			—		16,702
Commodity price derivatives – noncurrent		—		691			—		691
Total liabilities		—		17,393			—		17,393
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	(17,376	)	$	—	$	(17,376	)

Commodity price derivatives. The Company’s commodity price derivatives are currently made up of crude oil swap contracts and deferred premium put options. The Company measures derivatives using an industry-standard pricing model that is provided by the counterparties. The inputs utilized in the third-party discounted cash flow and option-pricing models for valuing commodity price derivatives include forward prices for crude oil, contracted volumes, volatility factors and time to maturity, which are considered Level 2 inputs.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets and liabilities are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. Specifically, (i) stock-based compensation is measured at fair value on the date of grant based on Level 1 inputs for restricted stock awards or Level 2 inputs for stock option awards based upon market data, and (ii) the estimates and fair value measurements used for the evaluation of proved property for potential impairment using Level 3 inputs based upon market conditions in the area. The Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying amount of certain assets and liabilities whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset or liability may not be recoverable. These assets and liabilities can include inventories, proved and unproved crude oil and natural gas properties and other long-lived assets that are written down to fair value when they are impaired or held for sale. The Company did not record any impairments to proved or unproved crude oil and natural gas properties for the periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

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Financial instruments not carried at fair value. Carrying values and fair values of financial instruments that are not carried at fair value in the consolidating balance sheets are as follows (in thousands):

	As of June 30, 2023				As of December 31, 2022
	Carrying				Carrying
	Value		Fair Value		Value		Fair Value
Liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt:
10.000% Senior Notes (a)	$	225,000	$	225,000	$	225,000	$	225,000
Long-term debt:
10.625% Senior Notes (a)	$	250,000	$	250,000	$	250,000	$	250,000

(a)

Fair value is determined using Level 2 inputs. The Company’s senior unsecured notes are quoted, but not actively traded, on major exchanges; therefore, fair value is based on periodic values as quoted on major exchanges. See Note 7 for additional information.

The Company has other financial instruments consisting primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, long-term debt (specifically the Credit Agreement), and other current assets and liabilities that approximate fair value due to the nature of the instrument and their relatively short maturities.

NOTE 5. Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company primarily utilizes commodity swap contracts and deferred premium put options to (i) reduce the effect of price volatility on the commodities the Company produces and sells, particularly on the down-side, and (ii) support the Company’s capital budgeting and expenditure plans, (iii) protect the Company’s borrowing base under the Credit Agreement and (iv) support the payment of contractual obligations.

The following table summarizes the effect of derivatives on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022

Noncash derivative gain (loss), net	$	703		$	25,191		$	6,017		$	(16,442	)
Cash payments on settled derivatives, net		(5,066	)		(37,082	)		(7,260	)		(61,843	)
Derivative loss, net	$	(4,363	)	$	(11,891	)	$	(1,243	)	$	(78,285	)

Crude oil production derivatives. The Company sells its crude oil production at the lease and the sales contracts governing such crude oil production are tied directly to, or are correlated with, NYMEX WTI crude oil prices. As such, the Company uses NYMEX WTI derivative contracts to manage future crude oil price volatility.

The Company’s outstanding crude oil derivative contracts as of June 30, 2023 and the weighted average crude oil prices per barrel for those contracts are as follows:

	Remainder of 2023
	Third Quarter		Fourth Quarter		Total
Crude Oil Price Swaps – WTI:
Volume (MBbls)		276.0		—		276.0
Price per Bbl	$	72.30	$	—	$	72.30
Deferred Premium Put Options – WTI:
Volume (MBbls)		644.0		920.0		1,564.0
Price per Bbl (Put Price)	$	60.46	$	55.97	$	57.82
Price per Bbl (Net of Premium)	$	55.46	$	50.97	$	52.82

	2024
	First Quarter		Second Quarter		Third Quarter		Fourth Quarter		Total
Deferred Premium Put Options – WTI:
Volume (MBbls)		910.0		910.0		920.0		—		2,740.0
Price per Bbl (Put Price)	$	53.83	$	53.83	$	53.83	$	—	$	53.83
Price per Bbl (Net of Premium)	$	48.83	$	48.83	$	48.83	$	—	$	48.83

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The Company uses credit and other financial criteria to evaluate the credit standings of, and to select, counterparties to its derivative financial instruments. Although the Company does not obtain collateral or otherwise secure the fair value of its derivative financial instruments, associated credit risk is mitigated by the Company’s credit risk policies and procedures.

Net derivative liabilities associated with the Company’s open commodity derivatives by counterparty are as follows (in thousands):

	As of June 30, 2023
Bank of America, National Association	$	(7,994	)
Citizens Bank, National Association		(3,365	)
	$	(11,359	)

NOTE 6. Exploratory/Extension Well Costs

The Company capitalizes exploratory/extension wells and project costs until a determination is made that the well or project has either found proved reserves, is impaired or is sold. The Company’s capitalized exploratory/extension well and project costs are included in proved properties in the consolidated balance sheets. If the exploratory/extension well or project is determined to be impaired, the impaired costs are charged to exploration and abandonments expense.

The changes in capitalized exploratory/extension well costs are as follows (in thousands):

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Beginning capitalized exploratory/extension well costs	$	186,427
Additions to exploratory/extension well costs		322,902
Reclassification to proved properties		(428,306	)
Exploratory/extension well costs charged to exploration and abandonment expense		—
Ending capitalized exploratory/extension well costs	$	81,023

All capitalized exploratory/extension well costs have been capitalized for less than one year based on the date of drilling.

NOTE 7. Long-Term Debt

The components of long-term debt, including the effects of debt issuance costs, are as follows (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Credit Agreement due 2024	$	525,000		$	270,000
10.625% Senior Notes, due 2024		250,000			250,000
10.000% Senior Notes, due 2024		225,000			225,000
Discounts, net (a)		(18,459	)		(27,086	)
Debt issuance costs, net (b)		(8,532	)		(13,565	)
Total debt		973,009			704,349
Less current portion of long-term debt, net		(741,155	)		—
Long-term debt, net	$	231,854		$	704,349

(a)

Discounts as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of $34.8 million and $34.8 million, respectively, in discounts less accumulated amortization of $16.4 million and $7.7 million, respectively.

(b)

Debt issuance costs as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of $20.4 million and $19.7 million, respectively, in costs less accumulated amortization of $11.8 million and $6.1 million, respectively.

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Credit Agreement. In December 2020, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement with Fifth Third Bank, National Association (“Fifth Third”) as the administrative agent and sole lender to establish a revolving credit facility (the “Credit Agreement”) that matures on June 17, 2024. In February 2022, the Company entered into the Third Amendment to, among other things, (i) reduce the borrowing base from $195.0 million to $138.8 million, (ii) modify the terms of the Credit Agreement to reduce the aggregate elected commitments from $195.0 million to $138.8 million, (iii) update the maturity date to a springing maturity date, which will cause the Credit Agreement to mature on October 1, 2023 if the 10.000% Senior Notes are not redeemed or refinanced by that date or the terms of the 10.000% Senior Notes have not been amended to extend the scheduled repayment thereof to no earlier than October 1, 2024, (iv) allow the Company to redeem the 10.000% Senior Notes with proceeds of a refinancing, with proceeds of an equity offering or with cash, in each case, subject to certain customary conditions and (v) replace the USD LIBOR rates with Term SOFR rates.

In June 2022, the Company entered into the Fourth Amendment to, among other things, (i) increase (a) the aggregate elected commitments to $400.0 million, (b) the borrowing base to $400.0 million and (c) the maximum credit amount to $1.5 billion, (ii) increase the excess cash threshold to $75.0 million, (iii) modify the affirmative hedging requirement so that if total debt to EBITDAX is greater than 1.25 to 1.00 but less than or equal to 1.75 to 1.00, notional volumes covering the first 24 months following the measurement date shall be hedged in an amount equal to not less than 25% of the projected production and if total debt to EBITDAX is greater than 1.75 to 1.00, notional volumes covering the first 24 months following the measurement date shall be hedged in an amount equal to not less than 50% of the projection production and (iv) increase the number of banks included in the syndicate at differing levels of commitments, with Fifth Third remaining the administrative agent.

In October 2022, the Company entered into the Fifth Amendment to, among other things, (i) increase the elected commitments to $525 million and the borrowing base to $550 million, (ii) require an additional borrowing base redetermination on or about December 1, 2022, (iii) modify the permitted dividends and distributions conditions such that minimum availability under the credit facility must be 25% percent (as opposed to 30% before giving effect to the Fifth Amendment) and (iv) appoint Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“Wells Fargo”) as the new administrative agent to replace Fifth Third. In addition, in connection with the Fifth Amendment, to the extent the Company incurs any additional specified unsecured senior, senior subordinated or subordinated future indebtedness in an aggregate amount of up to $250.0 million before June 30, 2023, the Company’s obligation to reduce the borrowing base by an amount equal to 25% of the principal amount of such additional future indebtedness shall be waived. In connection with the Fifth Amendment, the lenders waived two events of default existing with the Credit Agreement, as it existed prior to giving effect to the Fifth Amendment, related to entering into and maintaining certain minimum hedges as of the fiscal quarters ending June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022 and complying with the required current ratio as of the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2022. In October 2022, the Company entered into the Sixth Amendment to, among other things, (i) change the period to 120 days following the maturity date for which there can be no scheduled principal payments, mandatory redemption or maturity date for the 10.000% Senior Notes and the Specified Senior Notes, (ii) clarify that the Specified Senior Notes are subject to the restriction on the voluntary redemption by the Company of certain specified additional debt, including the 10.000% Senior Notes, (iii) add a permitted lien basket in connection with the escrow account to be opened in connection with the Specified Senior Notes and (iv) provide for an exception for the restriction on mandatory redemptions of the Specified Senior Notes in connection with the special mandatory redemption provided for with respect to the Specified Senior Notes.

In December 2022, the Company entered into the Seventh Amendment to, among other things, increase the amount of Specified Senior Notes from $225.0 million to $250.0 million. In March 2023, the Company entered into the Eighth Amendment to, among other things, (a) increase the borrowing base to $700.0 million, (b) add an aggregate elected commitments concept at an initial amount of $575.0 million, (c) provide that the applicable margin shall be determined in reference to such aggregate elected commitments (as opposed to being determined in reference to the borrowing base before giving effect to the Eighth Amendment), (d) modify the permitted dividends and distributions conditions such that minimum availability under the credit facility must be 25% of such aggregate elected commitments (as opposed to the borrowing base before giving effect to the Eighth Amendment), (e) permit quarterly dividends and distributions in an amount not to exceed $4.0 million provided that there is no default and that after giving effect thereto and any concurrent borrowing, the Company is in pro forma compliance with its financial covenants, (f) require the Company, on or before June 30, 2023, to redeem or refinance the 10.000% Senior Notes, allocate a portion of its cash flow that will retire the 10.000% Senior Notes on or before November 30, 2023 or amend the terms of the 10.000% Senior Notes to extend the scheduled repayment thereof to no earlier than February 15, 2025, (g) permit the redemption of Specified Additional Debt (defined in the Credit Agreement to mean any unsecured senior, senior subordinated or subordinated Debt of the Borrower incurred after the Effective Date and any refinancing of such Debt, including without limitation, the 10.000% Senior Notes; provided that any such Debt may be refinanced only to the extent that the aggregate principal amount of such refinanced Debt does not result in an increase in the principal amount thereof plus amounts to fund any original issue discount or upfront fees relating thereto plus amounts to fund accrued interest, fees, expenses and premiums, with all Capitalized terms defined in such Credit Agreement) with the proceeds of Loans if pre-approved by all Lenders provided that there is no default and that after giving effect thereto, the Company is in pro forma compliance with its financial covenants and (h) add Texas Capital Bank as a Lender.

Subsequent to quarter end in July 2023, the Company entered into the Ninth Amendment to, among other things, provide for (i) a waiver of the minimum current ratio covenant for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2023 under the Credit Agreement, (ii) a waiver of the failure to subject one or more certain accounts to an Account Control Agreement within the period provided in the Credit Agreement, (iii) a postponement of the April 2023 borrowing base redetermination until September 2023, (iv) a postponement of the date on which the Company was previously obligated thereunder to either extend the maturity of the 10.000% Senior Notes due February 2024, redeem or refinance the 10.000% Senior Notes or allocate a portion of the Company’s cash flow satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Majority Lenders that will retire the 10.000% Senior Notes on or before November 30, 2023 to September 1, 2023 or such later date as agreed to in writing by the Majority Lenders in their reasonable discretion, (v) certain pricing increases and additional minimum hedging requirements, (vi) an additional requirement to deliver a 13-week cash flow forecast on a weekly basis through completion of the September 2023 borrowing base redetermination and (vii) a temporary restriction on borrowing further amounts under the Credit Agreement until the Company has received at least $95 million of net proceeds from the sales of the Company’s equity securities, which has been subsequently satisfied and the restriction no longer applies.

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The borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement is currently equal to the lowest of (i) the borrowing base (which stands at $575.0 million as of June 30, 2023), (ii) the aggregate elected commitments (which stands at $575.0 million as of June 30, 2023) and (iii) $1.5 billion. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $525.0 million and $270.0million, respectively, outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement prior to February 2022 bore interest, at the option of the Company, based on (a) a rate per annum equal to the higher of (i) the prime rate announced from time to time by Fifth Third, (ii) the weighted average of the rates on overnight federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System during the last preceding business day plus 0.5 percent and (iii) the Adjusted LIBO Rate for one-month Interest Period, plus a margin, which was determined by the Borrowing Base Utilization Percentage as defined in the Credit Agreement or (b) the LIBO Rate for a one, three or six month Interest Period multiplied by the Statutory Reserve Rate. As of June 30, 2023, borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at the option of the Company, based on (a) a rate per annum equal to the higher of (i) the prime rate announced from time to time by the administrative agent, (ii) the weighted average of the rates of overnight federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System during the last preceding business day plus 0.5 percent and (iii) Term SOFR for one-month Interest Period, plus a margin (the “Applicable Margin”), which is determined by the Utilization Percentage as defined in the Credit Agreement or (b) a rate equal to the higher of (i) zero percent per annum and (ii) SOFR relating to quotations for 1 or 3 months, plus the Applicable Margin. Letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Agreement are subject to (i) a participation fee which shall accrue at the same Applicable Margin used to determine the interest rate applicable to Tranche Rate Loans, (ii) a fronting fee, which shall accrue at the rate of 0.125 percent per annum and (iii) standard fees with respect to issuances, amendments, renewals and extensions. The Company also pays commitment fees on undrawn amounts under the Credit Agreement equal to 0.50 percent. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are secured by a first lien security interest on substantially all assets of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries, including mortgages on the Company’s and its restricted subsidiaries’ crude oil and natural gas properties. The Credit Agreement is scheduled to have the borrowing base redetermined semiannually in April and October. Additionally, the Company and Wells Fargo each have the option for a wild card evaluation between redeterminations. The credit facility is classified in current liabilities in the accompanying balance sheet as of June 30, 2023 as it matures within the next twelve months.

The Credit Agreement requires the maintenance of a ratio of total debt to EBITDAX, subject to certain adjustments, not to exceed 3.00 to 1.00 as of the last day of any fiscal quarter and a current ratio, subject to certain adjustments, of at least 1.00 to 1.00 as of the last day of any fiscal quarter. The Company obtained a waiver regarding its current ratio as of March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023.

The Company has limited equity cure rights for a breach of the above-listed financial covenants. Additionally, the Credit Agreement contains additional restrictive covenants that limit the ability of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, incur additional liens, make investments and loans, enter into mergers and acquisitions, make or declare dividends and other payments, enter into certain hedging transactions, sell assets and engage in transactions with affiliates. The Credit Agreement contains customary mandatory prepayments, including a monthly mandatory prepayment if the Consolidated Cash Balance (as defined in the Credit Agreement) is in excess of $75.0 million. In addition, the Credit Agreement is subject to customary events of default, including a change in control. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the administrative agent or the majority of the lenders may accelerate any amounts outstanding and terminate lender commitments.

10.000% Senior Notes. In February 2022, the Company issued $225.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 10.000% Senior Notes due 2024 (“10.000% Senior Notes”), which will mature on February 15, 2024. The Company received proceeds of $202.9 million, net of $22.1 million of issuance costs and discounts. The net proceeds were used to pay down the balance of the Credit Agreement to zero at closing and to fund our ongoing capital development program with subsequent draws on the Credit Agreement. Interest on the 10.000% Senior Notes is payable on February 15 and August 15 of each year. The indenture governing the 10.000% Senior Notes contains restrictive covenants that limit the ability of the Company and, its restricted subsidiaries to, among other things, incur indebtedness, incur liens, make investments and loans, enter into mergers and acquisitions, make or declare dividends and other payments, sell assets and engage in transactions with affiliates. In addition, the indenture governing the 10.000% Senior Notes contains customary events of default, including payment events of default and events of default upon certain bankruptcy and insolvency events. If a bankruptcy or insolvency-related event of default occurs, the principal of, and accrued and unpaid interest on all outstanding 10.000% Senior Notes will become immediately due and payable. With respect to certain other events of default, the trustee may, in certain circumstances, pursue any available remedy to collect the payment of principal of, premium, if any, on and interest, if any, on the 10.000% Senior Notes or enforce performance of any provisions of the 10.000% Senior Notes or the indenture governing such notes. The 10.000% Senior Notes are classified in current liabilities in the accompanying balance sheet as of June 30, 2023 as they mature within the next twelve months.

10.625% Senior Notes. In November 2022 and December 2022, the Company issued $225.0 million and $25.0 million, respectively, under separate indentures, of its Senior Notes due 2024 (“10.625% Senior Notes”), which will mature on November 15, 2024. The Company received proceeds of $223.7 million, net of $26.3 million of issuance costs and discounts. The net proceeds were used to reduce the outstanding balance of the Credit Agreement at closing and for general corporate purposes. Interest on the 10.625% Senior Notes is payable on May 15 and November 15 of each year. In addition, the Company paid additional interest of $8.3 million in June 2023 in accordance with the indentures whereby if the Company did not receive a rating increase by June 30, 2023, it was required to pay said additional interest that is included in interest expense during the three months ended June 30, 2023. The indentures governing the 10.625% Senior Notes contain restrictive covenants that limit the ability of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries to, among other things, incur indebtedness, incur liens, make investments and loans, enter into mergers and acquisitions, make or declare dividends and other payments, sell assets and engage in transactions with affiliates. In addition, the indentures governing the 10.625% Senior Notes contain customary events of default, including payment events of default and events of default upon certain bankruptcy and insolvency events. If a bankruptcy or insolvency-related event of default occurs, the principal of, and accrued and unpaid interest on all outstanding 10.625% Senior Notes will become immediately due and payable. With respect to certain other events of default, the trustee may, in certain circumstances, pursue any available remedy to collect the payment of principal of, premium, if any, on and interest, if any, on the 10.625% Senior Notes or enforce performance of any provisions of the 10.625% Senior Notes or the indentures governing such notes. If not redeemed or refinanced in full prior to such time, in November 2023, the 10.625% Senior Notes will be classified in current liabilities in the balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 as they mature within the next twelve months following November 2023.

The Credit Agreement and the indentures governing the 10.000% Senior Notes and 10.625% Senior Notes have hedging requirements to which the Company adheres.

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NOTE 8. Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company’s asset retirement obligations primarily relate to the future plugging and abandonment of wells and remediation of related facilities. Market risk premiums associated with asset retirement obligations are estimated to represent a component of the Company’s credit-adjusted risk-free rate that is utilized in the calculations of asset retirement obligations.

Asset retirement obligations activity is as follows (in thousands):

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Beginning asset retirement obligations	$	7,502
Liabilities incurred from new wells		186
Dispositions		(40	)
Accretion of discount		238
Ending asset retirement obligations	$	7,886

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all asset retirement obligations are considered noncurrent and classified as such in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

NOTE 9. Incentive Plans

401(k) Plan. The HighPeak Energy Employees, Inc 401(k) Plan (the “401(k) Plan”) is a defined contribution plan established under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). All regular full-time and part-time employees of the Company are eligible to participate in the 401(k) Plan after three continuous months of employment with the Company. Participants may contribute up to 80 percent of their annual base salary into the 401(k) Plan. Matching contributions are made to the 401(k) Plan in cash by the Company in amounts equal to 100 percent of a participant’s contributions to the 401(k) Plan up to four percent of the participant’s annual base salary (the “Matching Contribution”). Each participant’s account is credited with the participant’s contributions, Matching Contributions and allocations of the 401(k) Plan’s earnings. Participants are fully vested in their account balances at their eligibility date. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company contributed $134,000 and $141,000 to the 401(k) Plan, respectively.

Long-Term Incentive Plan. The Company’s Second Amended & Restated Long Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) provides for the grant of stock options, restricted stock, stock awards, dividend equivalents, cash awards and substitute awards to officers, employees, directors and consultants of the Company. The number of shares available for grant pursuant to awards under the LTIP as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:

	June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Approved and authorized shares		14,459,464			14,340,324
Shares subject to awards issued under plan		(13,813,457	)		(13,769,191	)
Shares available for future grant		646,007			571,133

Stock options. Stock option awards were granted to employees on August 24, 2020, November 4, 2021, May 4, 2022 and August 15, 2022. Stock-based compensation expense related to the Company’s stock option awards for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $555,000 and $10.8 million, respectively, and as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 there was $443,000 and $1.1 million, respectively, of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock option awards. The unrecognized compensation expense will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining vesting periods of the awards, which is a period of less than two years. In July 2023, the Company issued an additional 1.9 million stock options to employees that were valued at approximately $10.2 million on the date of grant and will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting or exercisability period of the awards.

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The Company estimates the fair values of stock options granted on the grant date using a Black-Scholes option valuation model, which requires the Company to make several assumptions. The expected term of options granted was determined based on the simplified method of the midpoint between the vesting dates and the contractual term of the options. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve rate for the expected term of the option at the date of grant and the volatility was based on the volatility of either an index of exploration and production crude oil and natural gas companies or on a peer group of companies with similar characteristics of the Company on the date of grant since the Company had minimal or did not have any trading history. More detailed stock options activity and details are as follows:

	Stock Options			Average Exercise Price		Remaining Term in Years		Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2021		9,983,727		$	10.19		8.7	$	44,395
Awards granted		1,564,500			25.09
Exercised		(12,000	)	$	10.00
Forfeitures		(18,999	)	$	18.66
Outstanding at December 31, 2022		11,517,228		$	12.20		7.9	$	128,429
Exercised		(11,834	)	$	12.52
Forfeitures		(2,667	)	$	29.67
Outstanding at June 30, 2023		11,502,727		$	12.20		7.7	$	8,381

Vested at December 31, 2022		11,304,747		$	12.02		7.9	$	127,591
Exercisable at December 31, 2022		11,304,747		$	12.02		7.9	$	127,591

Vested at June 30, 2023		11,290,246		$	12.02		7.7	$	8,381
Exercisable at June 30, 2023		11,290,246		$	12.02		7.7	$	8,381

Restricted stock issued to employee members of the Board and certain employees. A total of 1,500,500 shares of restricted stock was approved by the Board to be granted to certain employee members of the Board of the Company on November 4, 2021, which vest on the three-year anniversary of such grant assuming the employees remain in his or her position as of the anniversary date. Therefore, stock-based compensation expense of $3.6 million and $3.6 million was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and the remaining $9.6 million as of June 30, 2023 will be recognized over the remaining restricted period, which was based upon the closing price of the stock on the date of the restricted stock issuance. The Board also cancelled the previously issued equity-based liability bonuses and approved a total of 600,000 shares of restricted stock to be granted to certain employees of the Company on June 1, 2022, which vest on November 4, 2024, assuming the employees remain in his or her position as of that date and cancelled certain contractual equity-based bonuses to such employees. Therefore, stock-based compensation expense of $3.5 million and $3.8 million was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and the remaining $9.4 million as of June 30, 2023 will be recognized over the remaining restricted period, which was based upon the closing price of the stock on the date of the restricted stock issuance.

Stock issued to outside directors. A total of 58,767 shares of restricted stock was approved by the Board to be granted to the outside directors of the Company on June 1, 2023, which will vest at the next annual meeting, assuming the Board members maintain their positions on the Board. Therefore, stock-based compensation expense of $63,000 was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and the remaining $694,000 will be recognized between July and June 2024, which was based upon the closing price of the stock on the date of the restricted stock issuance. In addition, a total of 21,184 shares of restricted stock was approved by the Board to be granted to the outside directors of the Company on June 1, 2022, which vested during the second quarter of 2022. Therefore, stock-based compensation expense of $305,000 was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2023, which was based upon the closing price of the stock on the date of the restricted stock issuance. Finally, a total of 67,779 shares of restricted stock was approved by the Board to be granted to the outside directors of the Company on June 1, 2021, which vested in January 2022. Therefore, the remaining stock-based compensation expense of $284,000 was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2022, which was based upon the closing price of the stock on the date of the restricted stock issuance.

NOTE 10. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases. The Company follows ASC Topic 842, “Leases” to account for its operating and finance leases. Therefore, as of June 30, 2023 the Company had right-of-use assets totaling $876,000 included in other noncurrent assets and operating lease liabilities totaling $891,000, $622,000 of which are included in other current liabilities and $269,000 of which are included in other noncurrent liabilities, and as of December 31, 2022 the Company had right-of-use assets totaling $333,000 included in other noncurrent assets and operating lease liabilities totaling $343,000, included in other current liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company does not currently have any finance right-of-use leases. Maturities of the operating lease obligations are as follows (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023
Remainder of 2023	$	392
2024		552
Total lease payments		944
Less present value discount		(53	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	891

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Legal actions. From time to time, the Company may be a party to various proceedings and claims incidental to its business. While many of these matters involve inherent uncertainty, the Company believes that the amount of the liability, if any, ultimately incurred with respect to these proceedings and claims will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position as a whole or on its liquidity, capital resources or future annual results of operations. The Company records reserves for contingencies when information available indicates that a loss is probable, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.

Indemnifications. The Company has agreed to indemnify its directors, officers and certain employees and agents with respect to claims and damages arising from acts or omissions taken in such capacity, as well as with respect to certain litigation.

Environmental. Environmental expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations and have no future economic benefits are expensed. Environmental expenditures that extend the life of the related property or mitigate or prevent future environmental contamination are capitalized. Liabilities for expenditures that will not qualify for capitalization are recorded when environmental assessment and/or remediation is probable, and the costs can be reasonably estimated. Such liabilities are undiscounted unless the timing of cash payments for the liability is fixed or reliably determinable. Environmental liabilities normally involve estimates that are subject to revision until settlement or remediation occurs.

Crude oil delivery commitments. In May 2021, the Company entered into a crude oil marketing contract with DK Trading & Supply, LLC (“Delek”) as the purchaser and DKL Permian Gathering, LLC (“DKL”) as the gatherer and transporter. The contract includes the Company’s current and future crude oil production from the majority of its horizontal wells in Flat Top where DKL is continually constructing a crude oil gathering system and custody transfer meters to most of the Company’s central tank batteries. The contract contains a minimum volume commitment commencing October 2021 based on the gross barrels delivered at the Company’s central tank battery facilities and is 5,000 Bopd for the first year, 7,500 Bopd for the second year and 10,000 Bopd for the remaining eight years of the contract. However, the Company has the ability under the contract to cumulatively bank excess volumes delivered to offset future minimum volume commitments. For the period from October 1, 2021 to June 30, 2023, the Company has delivered approximately 25,239 Bopd under the contract which is approximately 48 percent of the contracted volume for the life of the contract. The monetary commitment for the remaining 17.7 MMBbl as of June 30, 2023, if the Company never delivers any additional volumes under the agreement, is approximately $14.2 million.

Natural gas purchasing replacement contract. In May 2021, the Company entered into a replacement natural gas purchase contract with WTG Gas Processing, L.P. (“WTG”) as the gatherer, processor and purchaser of the Company’s current and future gross natural gas production in Flat Top. The replacement contract provides the Company with improved natural gas and NGL pricing and required WTG to expand its current low-pressure gathering system, which eliminates the need for in-field compression in Flat Top to accommodate the Company’s increased natural gas production volumes based on the current plan of development. The Company provides WTG with certain aid-in-construction payments to be reimbursed over time based on throughput through the system. The replacement contract does not contain any minimum volume commitments.

Connection fee commitments. As a result of the Hannathon Acquisition, the Company assumed a connection fee commitment related to a natural gas contract on certain properties whereby a minimum volume must be delivered, or the Company is obligated to reimburse WTG any shortfall by May 2025. If the Company fails to deliver any future volumes to the delivery point, the monetary commitment that remains as of June 30, 2023 would be approximately $553,000.

Power contracts. In June 2022, the Company entered into a contract with TXU Energy Retail Company LLC (“TXU”) to provide a block of electric power at an attractive variable rate, which fluctuates based on the usage by the Company through May 31, 2032. In conjunction with this contract, the Company issued a $1.7 million letter of Credit in lieu of a deposit to TXU that is cancellable at the end of the contract term.

Sand commitments. The Company is party to an amended agreement whereby it has agreed to purchase at least 1.7 million tons of sand over a two-year period beginning July 1, 2022. There are stipulations in the agreement that reduce this commitment should there be a downturn in crude oil prices. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has purchased approximately 762,000 tons of sand under the contract. However, generally if the Company never takes delivery of any additional sand under the agreement, the monetary commitment that remains as of June 30, 2023 is approximately $19.1 million.

NOTE 11. Related Party Transactions

Water Treatment. In September 2021, the Company entered into a contract with Pilot Exploration, Inc., (“Pilot”), whose President and CEO was an outside director of the Company, to deploy Pilot’s proprietary water treatment technology in the Company’s Flat Top area to treat up to 25,000 barrels of produced water per day that can be reused in the Company’s completion operations or sold to third parties for their completion operations. This contract was set to expire on March 1, 2022; however, it was extended to October 1, 2022 based on the early results of the project. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company paid $2.0 million to Pilot for such services.

In May 2022, the Company entered into an agreement with Pilot to utilize Pilot’s proprietary water treatment technology in the Company’s Flat Top area to treat produced water such that it can be reused in the Company’s completion operations or sold to third parties for their completion operations. During the one-year term of the agreement, beginning on October 1, 2022, the Company agreed to a minimum volume commitment of 29.2 million barrels of produced water while maintaining the ability to bank excess produced water processed each month toward the minimum volume commitment. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company paid $1.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively, to Pilot for such services. In April 2023, the Company terminated the contract with Pilot in exchange for $6.5 million that was charged to other expense in the accompanying consolidated financial statements during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

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NOTE 12. Major Customers

Delek accounted for approximately 77% and 88% during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and Energy Transfer Crude Marketing, LLC (“ETC”) accounted for approximately 19% and less than 10% of the Company’s revenues during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Based on the current demand for crude oil and natural gas and the availability of other purchasers, management believes the loss of either of these major purchasers would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations because crude oil and natural gas are fungible products with well-established markets and numerous purchasers.

NOTE 13. Income Taxes

Enactment of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed into law the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA 2022”). The IRA 2022, among other tax provisions, imposes a 15 percent corporate alternative minimum tax on corporations with book financial statement income in excess of $1.0 billion, effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022. The IRA 2022 also establishes a one percent excise tax on stock repurchases made by publicly traded U.S. corporations, effective for stock repurchases in excess of an annual limit of $1.0 million after December 31, 2022. The IRA 2022 did not impact the Company’s current year tax provision or the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company is evaluating the accounting and disclosure implications of the IRA 2022 on its future filings.

The Company’s income tax expense attributable to income before income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):

Three Months Ended June 30,

Six Months Ended June 30,

2023

2022

2023

2022

Current income tax expense:

Federal

—

State

—